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Thursday, December 29, 2011

Perry's Perennial Pages

Dr. Leonard Perry

Dr. Leonard Perry of the University of Vermont started a blog back in May, 2011.  I've added a link at the sidebar under "Other Blogs".  This is in addition to his website, Perry's Perennial Pages that has been in the "Links to Other Sites" section since 2009.

Like the Garden Professors and Dr. Lee Reich's blogs, Dr. Perry provides great objective gardening information based on sound research, specializing in (although not limited to) herbaceous perennials.  From his biography:

Dr. Leonard Perry is the Greenhouse and Nursery Extension  Specialist for the University of Vermont.  In this role Dr. Perry provides information and programming to the industry of Vermont, region, and North America.  Home gardeners in Vermont and surrounding areas know him from his frequent television appearances on Across the Fence and radio.  As a Professor, Dr. Perry along with graduate students has an active research program on all aspects of perennial production and overwintering.  Students know him from his courses at UVM on Garden Plants and Indoor Flowers, with the Herbaceous Garden Plants course now available to anyone totally online.   Communities across the U.S. have met him through his past role as a judge for the America in Bloom program.  Dr. Perry is becoming known across North America for his internet web site-- Perry's Perennial Pages -- at which he features information, links, news articles, research and more on herbaceous perennials.  Look him up through this site name on Google or other search engines, or at perrysperennials.com.
Check it out.

Thursday, December 22, 2011

Mistletoe - Facts and Myths

Picture courtesy of Duke University
The holiday plant we call Mistletoe belongs to the family group called the Santalaceae. Although there are over 250 species and 7 genera in the family group, the one we associate with the season is either the native European species Viscum album or its similar American cousin, Phoradendron leucarpum. Both are hemi, or half parasitic. They produce leaves and make their own food via photosynthesis, but rely on their host tree for their water needs and to supply nutrients, like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Rather than roots, they produce structures that tap into a tree and steal the nutrients and water from the host. In fact, the name Phoradendron is translated from Greek to "thief of the tree." The slow-growing plant forms a greenish-yellow evergreen shrub that grows two to three feet long, hanging from tree branches.

There are separate male and female plants, with only the female, naturally, producing the familiar white berries, from small, inconspicuous yellow flowers that bloom in the fall. Franklin County, PA is at the edge of the northern limit where mistletoe will naturally grow, since it is only hardy to zone 6a.

It is the larval host plant for the Great Purple Hairstreak butterfly (Atlides halesus), meaning the caterpillars eat the leaves of mistletoe, before pupating, undergoing metamorphosis, and emerging as an adult butterfly.

Most American mistletoe grown commercially for the decorating trade is harvested in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. In the forestry and lumber industries, mistletoe can be considered a pest, or weed to be managed because of its detrimental effect on the host.

So how did mistletoe become a benign symbol of love and greeting, associated with the holiday season? Dr. Leonard P. Perry, Extension Professor at the University of Vermont provides some possible answers.


Picture courtesy of Duke University
Historically, in pre-Christian Europe, mistletoe was considered a religious symbol to pagan Druids. It grew, seemingly spontaneously, in the sacred oak tree, home to Druid gods. The superstition to “knock on wood” to bring good luck, or ward off evil spirits, has its origins in this ancient belief. These ancient people believed mistletoe could cure diseases, make animals and humans more fertile, provide protection from witches, and bring good luck. In fact, mistletoe was so sacred to the Druids that if two enemies met beneath a tree where it was growing, they would lay down their weapons, exchange greetings, and observe a truce until the following day.

In Scandinavian mythology, a dart made from the wood of mistletoe killed the god of peace, Balder. Balder was so beloved, that the goddess Frigg, wife of the chief god Odin, exacted an oath from the elements, earth, fire and water, and all manner of plants and animals that they would not harm him. At assemblies, lesser gods, giants and other inhabitants of the home of the gods would test the oath, and watch as weapons made from these elements were thrown at Balder, who would always escape unharmed. This did not set well with Loki, the god of mischief. Loki learned that alone among plants, the mistletoe had not been asked to swear to the oath. He fashioned a dart from the wood, and tricked a blind giant to throw it at Balder. It pierced his heart and killed him. His life was restored at the request of the other gods and goddesses, and the mistletoe was given to the goddess of love to prevent such a thing from happening again. She declared anyone passing under it should receive a kiss to show this plant was a symbol of love, and not of hate.

The early pagan converts to Christianity retained the mistletoe’s honored reputation, creating a legend that the cross was made from the wood of the mistletoe.

Today, researchers in Europe are investigating its medicinal properties as a possible treatment for cancer, although the jury is still out, and authorities disagree on the benefits. The berries are considered toxic to pets and livestock, but birds are immune, and are the chief means of seed dispersal. The toxicity to humans is in dispute, but prudence dictates that cautions should be taken around young children if using the plant in holiday decorations.

Thanks to Tina Clinefelter, a Master Gardener in Clinton County and contributor to the Gardening in the Keystone State blog for piquing my interest to research mistletoe as a subject for next week's news column, and this blog post.

Update:  February 8, 2013.  Roman, in the comments section, makes an excellent point.  The European species, Viscum album, is much more toxic than its American cousin.  I should have made that clear.  Also, the use of Mistletoe extracts in European countries, is not an approved therapy by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for cancer or any other medical condition.  Details here and here.

Tuesday, December 20, 2011

Extension Annual Board Meeting - January 27th 2012



The Franklin County Cooperative Extension Association and Franklin County Conservation District will hold their second annual joint meeting on Friday, January 27, 2012, at 7:00 PM at Solomon’s Lutheran Church, 4856 Wayne Road (Rt. 316), Chambersburg, PA 17201.

This year’s speaker will be Trevor Hoff. Trevor lives in Carroll County, Maryland. He is 19 years old and is currently a sophomore at Carroll Community College studying Agriculture Business and Political Science. Trevor lives on a farm where they raise crops, Black Angus beef cattle, and pigs. The farm has been in his family for over 200 years. To start paying for college, he started Local Homestead Products LLC which sells five different types of beef jerky.

Trevor was run over by a tractor while feeding cattle on his family’s farm in July of 2006. With over 7 plates and 37 screws in his face, Trevor is a walking miracle. He is the National Youth Spokesperson for Farm Safety 4 Kids and speaks about the importance of farm safety and also about his tractor accident.

Tickets for the annual meeting are $12.50 for adults and $6.00 for children ages 5-11. Doors at the church will open at 6:15 PM for snacks and fellowship. At 7:00 PM, a chicken and ham loaf dinner will be served buffet style. For tickets or additional information, contact the Cooperative Extension Office, at (717) 263-9226 or the Conservation District office at (717) 264-5499.

The deadline for purchasing tickets is January 20.

Thursday, December 15, 2011

Franklin County MG Videos - Part 3 - Making a Candle Wreath Centerpiece



In Part 3 of the collaboration between Franklin County Master Gardeners and The Public Opinion Newspaper, MG's Karen Strimple and Priscilla Harsh demonstrate how to create a Candle Wreath Centerpiece for Holiday decorating.